APEC Smart & Sustainable Cities Across the Region -Governance & Technology
Alina Aeby, Founder/President of Silicon Valley Proptech Association
What is a Smart City? There are many definitions, but they all tend to agree that a smart city has several characteristics.
A smart city is an urban environment that leverages digital technology, data, and connectivity to enhance the efficiency, sustainability, and quality of life for its residents.
In a smart city, various systems and services, such as transportation, energy, healthcare, and public safety, are interconnected and optimized through the use of information and communication technologies (ICT).
The goal is to improve urban living by fostering innovation, increasing operational efficiency, and providing better services to the community.
Smart Cities Technologies
Internet of Things (IoT): Smart cities leverage IoT devices and sensors embedded in infrastructure, buildings, and public spaces to collect real-time data. This data is used to monitor and manage various aspects of city life, such as traffic flow, energy consumption, waste management, and air quality.
Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (AI):
The abundance of data generated by IoT devices is processed and analyzed using AI algorithms. This enables city planners and administrators to gain insights, make informed decisions, and optimize the delivery of public services.
Connectivity and Communication Networks:
A smart city relies on robust communication networks, including high-speed broadband and 5G, to ensure seamless connectivity between devices and systems. This connectivity forms the backbone for real-time data exchange and communication.
Smart Infrastructure:
The deployment of smart infrastructure includes technologies like smart grids, intelligent transportation systems, and energy-efficient buildings. These elements contribute to resource optimization, improved energy management, and enhanced urban mobility.
Digital Governance and E-Government Services:
Smart cities implement digital governance models, incorporating online platforms and mobile applications for citizen engagement, public service delivery, and participatory decision-making. E-government services streamline administrative processes and enhance transparency.
Cybersecurity Measures: Given the interconnected nature of smart city technologies, robust cybersecurity measures are essential to protect sensitive data and critical infrastructure from cyber threats. This includes secure communication protocols, data encryption, and continuous monitoring.
Sustainable Practices: Technological solutions in a smart city often prioritize sustainability. This includes the integration of renewable energy sources, smart waste management systems, and eco-friendly building designs to minimize environmental impact.
Smart Mobility Solutions: Smart cities emphasize intelligent transportation systems, incorporating technologies like smart traffic management, real-time public transportation information, and the promotion of alternative and sustainable transportation modes.
Digital Twin Technology: The concept of a digital twin involves creating a virtual replica of the city, allowing planners and administrators to simulate and optimize various scenarios before implementing changes in the physical environment.
Open Data Platforms: Many smart cities adopt open data platforms, making non-sensitive data accessible to the public and fostering innovation. This encourages the development of third-party applications and solutions that can further enhance city living.
Key features of a smart city may include smart infrastructure, data-driven decision-making, connectivity, and the integration of emerging technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence.
Social Inclusion and Mobility
These technologies together with a sustainable practices and governance aim to create self-sustaining, inclusive, and mobile societies. There are however fears that the increase adoption of digital technologies will create a further division between the social classes and different parts of the world.
Smart Cities Across the APEC Region
Smart city initiatives vary across the APEC region, reflecting unique economic, social, and technological landscapes. Although there are differences from housing policies to data privacy and the levels of basic and digital infrastructure, we can think of several examples of smart cities and their particularities in Asia, North and Latin America, Australia, and New Zealand:
ASIA
Asian smart cities often prioritize infrastructure development, rapid technological adoption, and sustainability due to urban population growth and the need for efficient city services.
Singapore
Known for its sophisticated infrastructure and digital innovation, Singapore integrates various technologies in urban planning. It focuses on smart mobility, efficient waste management, and sustainability, utilizing IoT devices and data analytics to improve city services.
Seoul & Sejong, South Korea
With a focus on citizen engagement and sustainability, Seoul employs technology in various sectors. It has an extensive public transportation system and smart sensors for waste management, water control, and energy conservation.
Sejong City was conceived as an administrative city to alleviate congestion in Seoul and promote balanced regional development. Its smart city initiatives are deeply ingrained in its urban planning, encompassing environmentally sustainable designs, green spaces, and integrated transportation systems.
It adopts a digital governance model, employing technology to enhance public services. Residents benefit from smart public services, including e-governance platforms, digitalized documentation, and online civic engagement tools that facilitate convenient and transparent interactions between the government and citizens.
Tokyo, Japan
Tokyo has been implementing smart solutions for disaster prevention, energy efficiency, and infrastructure development. It utilizes technology for earthquake early warning systems, traffic management, and eco-friendly buildings.
Hong Kong
A technology-driven metropolis, Hong Kong embodies smart city features through extensive technology integration in urban planning, governance, and public services.
Hong Kong serves as an innovative smart city with robust digital infrastructure and connectivity fostering a tech-savvy urban environment.
Hong Kong has prohibited new registration of fossil-fueled private cars by 2035 or earlier 93% of Hong Kong population uses public transportation.
Nusantara, Indonesia
Nusantara represents a promise of a visionary, smart, and sustainable city, poised to set new standards in urban development. The move from Jakarta to Nusantara signifies a strategic effort to decongest Jakarta, enhance resilience to natural disasters, and stimulate balanced regional growth.
Nusantaras development embodies a commitment to sustainability, integrating eco-friendly practices, green spaces, and advanced technologies for a resilient and forward-thinking capital city.
NORTH AMERICA
In North America cities often emphasize technological innovation, data- driven decision-making, and sustainability. They focus on leveraging advanced technology for improving urban services and citizen experience.
San Francisco, United States
As a leading tech hub, San Francisco employs technology in transportation, environmental conservation, and citizen engagement. Initiatives include electric vehicle infrastructure, data-driven governance, and smart energy grids.
Toronto, Canada
Torontos Quayside project, in partnership with Sidewalk Labs, aims to create a smart district. It focuses on sustainability, innovation in transportation, and the use of data-driven decision-making in urban development.
LATIN AMERICA
Smart city initiatives in Latin America often focus on social inclusion, addressing economic disparity, and improving basic services in underserved communities.
Medellin, Colombia
Recognized for its transformation from a troubled city to a model of innovation, Medellin uses technology to improve social inclusion, urban mobility, and education. It has integrated cable cars, smart libraries, and education centers in underserved areas.
Curitiba, Brazil
Known for its bus rapid transit system, Curitiba continues to innovate with smart transportation solutions. It emphasizes sustainable urban planning and green spaces while incorporating digital solutions in public services.
AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND
These regions prioritize sustainability, livability, and the integration of technology to enhance quality of life. They often emphasize natural resource management and environmental sustainability in their smart city projects.
Sydney, Australia:
Sydney is working on transforming into a smart city, focusing on sustainable energy, efficient transportation, and digital connectivity. Initiatives involve smart grids, IoT-based public services, and urban planning tools.
Auckland, New Zealand
Auckland aims to become a more connected city, emphasizing public transportation, smart infrastructure, and digital civic engagement. Its focused on data-driven decision-making to enhance city services.
Each regions smart city initiatives reflect the specific needs, challenges, and aspirations of their local communities. While the focus areas may vary, the overarching goal remains to create more efficient, sustainable, and livable urban environments through the integration of technology and innovation.